statistics
Error Function
$$\text{erf}(z) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}} \int_0^z e^{-t^2} dt$$
Bayes' Theorem
$$P(A|B) = \frac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B)}$$
Conditional Probability
$$P(E|F) = \frac{P(E \cap F)}{P(F)}$$
Gaussian/Normal Distribution
$$f(x) = \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\right)^2}$$