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imaginary numbers
Hyperbolic Functions
$$\sinh(x) = \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{2}$$
Trig functions in terms of e
$$\small{\sin(x) = \frac{e^{ix} - e^{-ix}}{2i}, \cos(x) = \frac{e^{ix} + e^{-ix}}{2}}$$